Laravel 5框架学习之Eloquent （laravel 的ORM）_语言综合

概述Laravel 的 Eloquent ORM 提供了漂亮、简洁的 ActiveRecord 实现来和数据库的互动。每个数据库表会和一个对应的「模型」互动。在开始之前，记得把 config/database.php 里的数据库连接配置好。

我们来生成第一个模型

代码如下:

查看一下生成的文件 app/Article.PHP

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model {

}

没什么特别的，除了继承自 Model 以外，但是具有强大的功能，这些都封装在laravel的Model中。模型自动具有了 save() update() findXXX() 等强大的功能。

tinker 是 laravel提供的命令行工具，可以和项目进行交互。

以下是在tinker中的交互输入

Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman

$name = 'zhang jinglin';
=> "zhang jinglin"

$name
=> "zhang jinglin"

$article = new App\Article;
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {}

$article->Title = 'My First Article';
=> "My First Article"

$article->body = 'Some content...';
=> "Some content..."

$article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::Now();
=> <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",timezone_type: 3,timezone: "UTC"
}

$article;
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {
Title: "My First Article",body: "Some content...",published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",timezone: "UTC"
}
}

$article->toArray();
=> [
"Title" => "My First Article","body" => "Some content...","published_at" => <Carbon\Carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",timezone: "UTC"
}
]

$article->save();
=> true

查看数据结果，添加了一条记录

App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
[
"ID" => "1","Title" => "My First Article","published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22","created_at" => "2015-03-28 06:38:53","updated_at" => "2015-03-28 06:38:53"
]
]

$article->Title = 'My First Update Title';
=> "My First Update Title"

$article->save();
=> true

App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
[
"ID" => "1","Title" => "My First Update Title","updated_at" => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
]
]

$article = App\Article::find(1);
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1600000000ab91a676> {
ID: "1",Title: "My First Update Title",published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
}

$article = App\Article::where('body','Some content...')->get();
=> <Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection #000000005c4b7e1800000000ab91a676> [
<App\Article #000000005c4b7e1b00000000ab91a676> {
ID: "1",updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
}
]

$article = App\Article::where('body','Some content...')->first();
=> <App\Article #000000005c4b7e1900000000ab91a676> {
ID: "1",updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
}

$article = App\Article::create(['Title' => 'New Article','body' => 'New body','published_at' => Carbon\Carbon::Now()]);
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException with message 'Title'

MassAssignmentException，laravel保护我们不能直接插入记录。比如，在一些特殊情况下我们需要直接利用表单的信息填充数据库记录，但是如果我们并没有在表单中添加密码字段，而黑客产生了密码字段连同我们的其他字段一起送回服务器，这将产生修改密码的危险，所以我们必须明确的告诉laravel我们的模型那些字段是可以直接填充的。

修改我们的模型文件 Article.PHP

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model {

protected $fillable = [
'Title','body','published_at'
];

}

表示，Title,body,published_at 是可以直接填充的。

退出 tinker，重新进入

>> $article = App\Article::create(['Title' => 'New Article','published_at' => Carbon\Carbon::Now()]);=> { Title: "New Article",body: "New body",published_at: { date: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",timezone: "UTC" },updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",ID: 2 }It's ok

App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
[
"ID" => "1","updated_at" => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
],[
"ID" => "2","Title" => "New Article","body" => "New body","published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19","created_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19","updated_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
]
]

$article = App\Article::find(2);
=> <App\Article #000000005051b22b000000007ec432dd> {
ID: "2",Title: "New Article",published_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
}