
信息技术产业,又称信息产业,它是运用信息手段和技术,收集、整理、储存、传递信息情报,提供信息服务,并提供相应的信息手段、信息技术等服务的产业。信息技术产业包含:从事信息的生产、流通和销售信息以及利用信息提供服务的产业部门。
扩展资料:
信息技术产业主要包括三个产业部门:
①信息处理和服务产业,该行业的特点是利用现代的电子计算机系统收集、加工、整理、储存信息,为各行业提供各种各样的信息服务,如计算机中心、信息中心和咨询公司等。
②信息处理设备行业,该行业特点是从事电子计算机的研究和生产(包括相关机器的硬件制造)计算机的软件开发等活动,计算机制造公司,软件开发公司等可算作这一行业。
③信息传递中介行业,该行业的特点是运用现代化的信息传递中介,将信息及时、准确、完整地传到目的地点。因此,印刷业、出版业、新闻广播业、通讯邮电业、广告业都可归入其中。
信息产业又可分为一次信息产业和二次信息产业,前者包括:传统的传递信息情报的商品与服务手段,后者指为政府、企业及个人等内部消费者提供的服务。
参考资料来源:百度百科-IT行业
其实上面的几点都称的上IT,因为IT包括的内容是比较多的,IT定义:互联网技术指在计算机技术的基础上开发建立的一种信息技术。
IT有以下三部分组成:
-----传感技术这是人的感觉器官的延伸与拓展,最明显的例子是条码阅读器;
-----通信技术这是人的神经系统的延伸与拓展,承担传递信息的功能;
-----计算机技术这是人的大脑功能延伸与拓展,承担对信息进行处理的功能。
1、一般现在时:经常、反复发生的动作或行为某种状况。
2、现在进行时:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
3、现在完成时:完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语连用。
4、完成进行时:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
5、一般过去时:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
6、过去进行时:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
7、过去完成时:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
8、一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
9、将来进行时:将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
10、将来完成时:将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
11、过去将来时:过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况,通常用于宾语从句中。
12、过去完成进行时:had been+动词的现在分词。
扩展资料时态解析:
一、一般现在时:表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often,always,usually,sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。
二、现在进行时:通常用表示现阶段的时间状语,如:today,this week,this month,this year,this term,now等。
三、现在完成时:完成时的这种用法有时不带时间状语,有时可以和already,before,ever,just,lately,never,once,recently,yet等一些所指时间不具体的时间状语连用。
四、完成进行时:完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到的动作或刚刚结束的动作I've been writing letters all this morning我写了一上午信。(动作不再继续)
五、一般过去时:与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:yesterday,last night(week,year,month,Sunday),then,at that time,at that moment,just now,a few days(weeks,months,years) ago等。
六、过去进行时:过去进行时通常和时间状语连用。如:We were having dinner when they came他们来的时候,我们正在吃饭。
七、过去完成时:过去完成时表示过去某时之前结束的动作或状态When he got there,the train had already left他到了那儿时火车已经离开了。
八、一般将来时:一般将来时用于真实条件句和时间状语从句的主句中表示将来的情况。如:I'll tell you as soon as he comes 他一来我就告诉你。
九、将来进行时:常表示已安排好之事,给人一种期待感。如:What will you be doing this time tomorrow明天这个时候你将做什么?
十、将来完成时:将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态。如:By the time he graduates,he will have studied French for four years到他毕业的时候,他学法语就满四年了。
十一、过去将来时:表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如:The old lady was fifty-eight then In two years she would be sixty老太太当时五十八岁,再过两年就六十了。
十二、过去完成进行时:这种时态很少用在否定句中,而多以过去完成时代替:He had not practised English for many years.(普通说法)
IT技术是信息技术Information Technology。
信息技术(Information Technology,简称IT),是主要用于管理和处理信息所采用的各种技术的总称。它主要是应用计算机科学和通信技术来设计、开发、安装和实施信息系统及应用软件。
它也常被称为信息和通信技术(Information and Communications Technology, ICT)。主要包括传感技术、计算机技术和通信技术。
扩展资料:
IT技术应用范围:信息技术的研究包括科学,技术,工程以及管理等学科,这些学科在信息的管理,传递和处理中的应用,相关的软件和设备及其相互作用。
信息技术的应用包括计算机硬件和软件、网络和通讯技术、应用软件开发工具等。计算机和互联网普及以来,人们日益普遍的使用计算机来生产、处理、交换和传播各种形式的信息(如书籍、商业文件、报刊、唱片、**、电视节目、语音、图形、图像等)。
参考资料:
意思上
that 是:那个
it 是:它
用法上
that it 都可以直接作主语
也都可以做代词
指代事物
例子:that/it is an apple
但是,只有it可以做形式主语
例:it is better to say hello to him
it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to say hello to him
it作为形式主语的时候可以代替动词不定式/ing/一个句子。
that”既可以作形容词,又可以作指示代词;而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词
指“物”
“that”指远物,“it”没有远近之分。如:
That is a bike 那是一辆自行车。(在远处)
2在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时,常用“it”代替“this”和“that”。如:
-Is this/that a car 这/那是一辆小汽车吗?
-Yes, it is/No, it isn′t 是的,它是。/不,它不是。
-What′s this/that 这/那是什么?
-It′s a ruler 这/那是一把尺子。
3陈述在一起的两样东西时,应先说“this”,后说“that”。如:
This is a book That is a pen 这是一本书,那是一枝钢笔。
4one与it的区别
one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个,但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些,要用ones。如:
This apple is small Please give me a big one
这个苹果小,请给我一个大的。
These books are mine Those ones are Lily's
这些书是我的,那些书是莉莉的。
it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如:
My bike is very old,but I like it very much
我的自行车很旧,但我很喜欢它。
Where is my new pen I can't find it
我的新钢笔在哪儿?我找不到它了。
练一练:
1---This is my dog,Spotty
---Oh,________is very lovely
2I havn't a pen Do you have_____
It 用法大全
一、指无生命、动物、植物和在性别不计或不详时指人和婴儿。There is a person knocking at the door Who can it be
二、指心目中的人或上文中提到的人或事物,这那它 He is fifty-two, but doesn't look it
Jim is ill Have you heard of it
三、可以代替指示代词this和that
What's this/that? ------It's a book。
四、作无人称代词的主语,表时间、天气、距离、温度、环境和情况。It was noisy when I got to the room
五--表含糊概念,无补语,指从句叙述内容。
I hate it that I've made so many mistakes
I hate it when you can't discuss things openly
You may depend on it they are valuable
How's it going with you 近况如何?
Does it itch much 很痒痒吗?
Where does it hurt 哪儿疼?
Now you are in for it 现在你可以到家了。
It says in the Bible, "Thou shalt not steal" 《圣经》上说:"勿偷窃。" Hang it all, we can't wait all day for him见鬼,我们不能整天等他呀! There is nothing else for it but to stand 别无他法,只好忍受。Whose turn is it next 接下来轮到谁了You never had it so good 日子从来没有这样好。Take it easy 放松点!不要紧张!
How is it in the market 超市情况如何?
六----强调句中使用"It is/was+强调部分 (主语,宾语等)+that/who+其余部分"。如果强调的是特殊疑问句,表示"究竟,到底"等语气时,就用结构:"疑问词+is/was it that +句子",如:Where was it that you met him What is it that he wants to see When was it that you saw him
Why is it that you want to change your idea
这类强调句也可用作表语或宾语。The question is which book it is that you want to buy
He found out who it was that saved the drowning boy
如果强调谓语,谓语动词部分的语气用do,does,did,常译作"的确,千万,真的"
Do be patient! 千万要耐心!He does speak English well。He said he would come and did come
七、作形式宾语
a) 谓语动词appreciate, dislike, like, hate, love, make (按时到达,成功)等后接由if或when 等引导的宾语从句时,往往在前面加上形式宾语it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party
2、动词have(表明,坚持说)、take(认为,猜想)、hide(隐藏)、publish(公布)、put(表达,写出来)等后接由that引导的宾语从句时,往往在从句的前面加上形式宾语。I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon我认为你不久就离开上海。
We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time 我宣布我们已经提前完成了这项工程。
3、 动词短语allow for(担保)、count on(期待)、depend on(依靠)、insist on(坚持)、see to(确保)等后接that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it。 如:I am counting on it that you will come 我们期待着你的到来。
She'll see to it that he goes ahead。 她确保让他先走。
八、 作形式主语-it作形式主语,真正的主语可以是to do,doing 和clause等
It 做形式主语,真正的主语是动名词,这类结构是it be + adjective/noun + doing, 这类词有nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile, 和名词use, good, fun, job, a waste of 等。如:It is no use trying to argue with Shylock
It 作形式主语时,常用于下列四种结构,且由固定译法
a) it + be + noun + that-clause
it is a fact that…事实上是……
it is common knowledge that众所周知的是……
it is a question that………是个问题
it is a pity that…可惜的是……
it is a wonder that………真是个奇迹
it is a shame that…可耻的是……
it is an honor that…非常荣幸……
it is a common saying that…俗话说……
it is no good that………是没用的
it is no use that… 做……是无用的
it is one's turn to do 轮到……做……
it is one's duty to do 做……是……的职责
it is one's fault to do 做……是……的过错
it is worth that 可以看出…;可以说……;
it is no wonder that…难怪……
it is no good that做……是没用的
it is no harm that做…是无害的,无妨是…
I think it would be a good idea to do 我认为做……是个好主意
it is a great joy/pleasure to do 高兴做……
it is a shame to do 做……不光彩
it is good manners to do 做……是有礼貌的
it is a waste of time to do…做……是浪费时间
b) it + be + adjective + that-clause
it is certain that…很肯定的是 ……
it is clear/evident that…很清楚……
it is unlikely that…未必会,不见得,不太可能
it is likely that…很可能……
it is better that…最好……
it is natural that…很自然……
it is necessary that有必要……
it is obvious that … 很明显……
it is important that重要的是……,……是重要的
it is impossible that………是不可能的
c) it + be + past participle + that-clause
it is said/reported that…据说/报道……
it is demanded that…按要求……
it is estimated that…据统计……
it is believed that… 据认为……;人们认为……
it can be said that…可以说……
it can be seen that …可见……,可以说……
it has been proved that…已经证明……
it has been shown that…业已表明……
it must be pointed that…必须指出……
it must be admitted that 必须指出/承认,
it must be realized that 必须意识到
it is acknowledged that 应该承认……
it is announced that…据称……,有人宣称……
it is observed that… 值得注意的是……
it is arranged that…已经商定……
it is pointed out that…有人指出……
it is proposed that 有人提议…,一般认为……
it is regarded/thought that 人们认为……
it is considered that 人们认为…,据估计……
it is declared that…据宣称……,有人宣布
it is described that… 据说……,
it is expected that…人们希望……,预期……
it is generally accepted that通常人们认为……
it is believed/recognized that 普遍认为……
it is hoped that…人们希望……
it should be noted that 应该注意/指出。。。;it used to be said that 常言道……
it was noted above that 如上所述……
it will be said that 有人会说……
it will be seen from that 由此可见……
it is stated that据称;据说;有人说;一般认为
it is suggested that 有人提议;据建议
it is supposed that 据推测;假定;人们猜测
it is usually considered that 通常认为
it is well known that 大家都知道,众所周知
it is not settled whether 是否……还未决定
d) it + be + intransitive verb + that-clause
it seems that/as if 好像是……
it happens/happened that 碰巧……
it follows that 由此可见……
it matters that 要紧的是……
it occurs/occurred to sb that 某人想到……
it struck me that 我突然想到……
it appears to …that 在……看来似乎
it doesn't matter if/whether 即使……也无妨
it goes without saying that ……不言而喻
it is not until … that…直到……才……
it is up to somebody to do 该……做……
it remains to be proved that 尚待证明
it remains to be seen that 尚待分晓
it remains for sb to do 有待某人做……
it so fell out that 结果是,终于
it turned out that证明是,结果是
it is worth notice that 值得注意的是
it looks as if 看起来好像,似乎
it makes no difference that…都是一样,无区别
it is not just like sb to do 某人不会做……
it takes somebody something to do 某人花费……做……
九、习惯用法
it all depends=that depends 视情况而定
if it is convenient to you 如果你方面的话
believe it or not 信不信由你
take it easy 别着急,慢慢来,别紧张, as it is 但是实际上,其实
see (to it ) that 设法使,务必做到
what become of somebody/something 是……的结局,发生于
if it had not been for 若不是=but for
after what seemed +时间
it was not long before 不久就
cab it 乘车 brave it out 拼命干到底
walk it 步行 do/go it alone单q匹马的干
beat it =go away 滚
make it =succeed in doing 办成功
come it 尽自己的分内事come it strong 做的过分lord it over 欺压take it out of sb 拿某人出气have it out with sb 和某人讲个明白be hard put to it 在艰难之中
You're it 你下一个(用于儿童游戏中)
Is that it = Is that all you wanted me for 你要的就是这些吗?
十、 It's + adj + for/of somebody to do sth选择of 还是for,要根据形容词来决定,如果表示人的内在品质,后面引出的名词既是前面形容词的主语,也是动词不定式的逻辑主语,那么用of, 这类形容词有kind, brave, merciful, fine, cruel, selfish, stupid, clever, wise, unfair等;如果表示难易程度,可能性,等外在的特征,而且所引出的词只作后面动词不定式的主语,这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, possible, convenient 等等。比如:
It is easy for you to make it
It is impossible for him to walk 30 miles within one minute
It is very kind of you to help me
It is wise of you to take his advice
十一、it 引起的容易混淆的时间句型
1、 it is/has been +段时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间,意思为:"自从……以来已经多久了",主句多采用一般现在时,从句用过去时,如果表示过去的情况,since 主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时,或主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。要注意:since引导时间状语从句时,从句若使用终止性动词,则表示该时间是从现在算起的;若使用延续性的动词,则表示时间是从过去算起的。如:
It's five years since they got married(从现在算起) It's five years since they were married (从过去算起)
It is three years since his father passed away
2、 it be +段时间+before-clause ---这个句型中的时间是段时间(long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes),主句中的谓语动词用肯定式,意思为:"过多长时间才……"。主句谓语动词是否定式时,意思为:"没过多长时间就……"。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be,用was时,before从句的时态用一般过去时,用will be时,从句常用一般现在时。如
It was not long before he learned those poems by heart她没过多久就会背那些诗了。
It was long before the police arrived
It will be hours before he makes a decision
It will not be hours before we meet again
3、 it be +点时间+when-clause这个句型中,it指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词,时间为具体时间。主句中的谓语部分和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是will be时,从句中用一般现在时替换将来时。如:It was already 8 o'clock we got there
It will be late afternoon when they get there
it be +时间+that-clause 此句型为强调句型
4、 it be +high/about 时间+that-clause 此句型是个虚拟语气句型,表示是该做……的时候了,此时无论主句中的be是什么时态,从句中的谓语动词一律用一般过去时或者should do,high和about是用以加强语气的。如:It is high time that we he went to school
It is time that we should make people's life a little better
6、It/This/That be the first(second/third…) time that-clause这个句型表示说话时为止某人的一种经历,关键是time前面的序数词,主句是is时,从句要用现在完成时,主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去完成时。
This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to America
十二、下面的句型中用there而不用it。
There is something wrong with… ……有毛病
There is no doubt of/that 无疑……
There is no need for/to do 不需要做……
There is no denying 无可否认……
There is no hurry about 无需慌忙……
There is no difficulty in 在……方面没有困难
There is no help for ……没有办法
There is no deference between ……没有区别
There is no lack of 有很多的,不缺乏
There is no possibility of/that 没可能
There is no room for 没有……的余地
There is no sense in ……是没有意义的
There is no sign of 没有……的迹象
There is no saying that ……难以断言,很难说
There is a chance that/of 很可能
There is a possibility that/of有可能
There is a slim hope of ……有微小的希望
There is some difficulty in 在……有困难
There is some trouble in 在……有麻烦
There appears to be 似乎有
There seems to be似乎有,好像有
There used to be (过去)常常有,原来这里有
There was a time when从前曾经有一个时候
There is evidence that ……显然
There is no probability of/that很难有/会
1、 IT行业一般指信息技术产业。
信息技术产业,又称信息产业,它是运用信息手段和技术,收集、整理、储存、传递信息情报,提供信息服务,并提供相应的信息手段、信息技术等服务的产业。信息技术产业包含:从事信息的生产、流通和销售信息以及利用信息提供服务的产业部门。
2、IT行业主要包括以下职业:
软件类:系统分析师,计算机程序设计员,软件测试师,软件项目管理师,系统架构设计师。
硬件类:计算机维修工。
网络类:计算机网络管理员,网络系统设计师,网络综合布线员,网络建设工程师。
信息系统类:计算机 *** 作员,信息系统安全师,信息系统管理师,数据库系统管理员,信息系统监理师;信息系统评估师,信息资源开发与管理人员,信息系统设计人员。
制造类:半导体器件测试工,半导体器件制作工艺师,半导体器件制造工,半导体器件支持工,半导体器件封装工。
扩展资料:
IT范围:
1、第一层是硬件,主要指数据存储、处理和传输的主机和网络通信设备;
2、第二层是指软件,包括可用来搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估信息的各种软件,它包括我们通常所指的ERP(企业资源计划)、CRM(客户关系管理)、SCM(供应链管理)等商用管理软件,也包括用来加强流程管理的WF(工作流)管理软件、辅助分析的DW/DM(数据仓库和数据挖掘)软件等;
3、第三层是指应用,指搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估使用各种信息,包括应用ERP、CRM、SCM等软件直接辅助决策,也包括利用其它决策分析模型或借助DW/DM等技术手段来进一步提高分析的质量,辅助决策者作决策(强调一点,只是辅助而不是替代人决策)。
参考资料来源:百度百科——IT行业
参考资料来源:百度百科——it
it的用法
一、概述
在英语中,it的使用相当广泛,它既可用作代词,如人称代词(personal it)、指示代词(demonstrative it)及非人称代词(impersonal it), 也可用作引导词(anticipatory it)和强调结构中的强调词(emphatic it)
Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see who it is有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。(人称代词)
What’s this这是什么?
It’s a book这是一本书。(指示代词)
What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。(非人称代词)
It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer春天是植树的最佳时节,因为天气更暖和。(作引导词)
It was I who met him in the park last week 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。(强调结构中的强调词)
二、it作代词
1、用作人称代词(personal it)
代替前文提到过的事物,it作真实主语或宾语。
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal It is a cold-blooded one青蛙不是温血动物,它是冷血动物。
My pen is missing I can't find it anywhere 我的笔丢了,我哪儿也找不到它了。
I won't be back tonight Please tell my wife about it 我今晚不回来了,请你向我妻子说一声。
I was disappointed with the film I had expected it to be much better 我对这部**很失望,我曾盼望它更好。
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力,但这没起作用。
2、用作指示代词(demonstrative it)
相当于this或that,it有时不特指某件东西,而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。
-Who is knocking at the door —谁在敲门?
-It's me —是我。
I had a talk with the student It was very helpful to her 我和那个学生谈了次话,对她非常有帮助。
It happened during my stay in the United States 事情发生在我在美国的时候。
-Whose exercise book is that —谁的作业本?
-It's his —是他的。
3、用作非人称代词(impersonal it)
代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物,无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象(天气、气体、阴暗等)。
-What's the time —“几点了?”
-It's half past ten —“十点半”(指时间)
It is late autumn now 现在是深秋。(指时间)
It is rather cold today, isn't it今天很冷,是不是?(指天气)
-How far is it from here to the station —从这儿到车站有多远?
-It's about two kilometers -大约两公里。(指距离)
It is raining hard 雨下得很大。(指自然现象)
-What's the cost of the dictionary 那本词典多少钱?
It is sixty-three 六十三元(指价值)
It did not snow much last winter 去年冬天雪下得不多。(指自然现象)
三、it作引导词
1、作形式主语(formal subject)
当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时,为了避免头重脚轻,往往把主语放在谓语动词之后,习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词(anticipatory)it,作形式主语,放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。
(1) 代替不定式短语
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么?
In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match事实上,在重要的足球比赛时,警察维持秩序很困难。
It's not easy to finish the work in two days 两天之内完成这个工作不容易。
It is better to build houses on rock than on sand 把房屋建在岩石上比建在沙地上要好。
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio使用短波收音机很有必要。
It is not a good habit to stay up late开夜车不是个好习惯。
(2)代替动词-ing形式短语
It is no use crying over spilt milk覆水难收。
It is dangerous walking on thin ice在薄冰上行走是危险的。
It won't be any help my going with you我跟你去也没什么帮助。
Is it any good trying again再试一次有用吗?
(3)代替主语从句
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language事实上,英语是公认的国际语言。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the movie你没去看这个**, 真是可惜。
Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet我们啥时候开运动会决定了没有?
It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492众所周知,克里斯托夫•哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗?
2、作形式宾语(formal object)
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面,而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语,放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。
(1)it代替不定式短语
I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work 我认为不进行大量的记忆学好英语是不可能的。
He feels it his duty to help others他感到帮助别人是他的职责。
She found it very difficult to answer the question她发现很难回答这个问题。
People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends西方国家的人们习惯为他们的亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物。
The little boy found it very interesting to study English那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。
(2)it代替动词-ing形式短语
I think it no use telling them我认为告诉他们没用。
Do you consider it necessary sending more people over你觉得再派一些人去有必要吗?
We think it a waste arguing with him我们认为和他争吵是浪费时间。
(3)it代替从句
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我讨厌人们说话时嘴里吃东西。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job他们想向公众表明,他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。
We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting我们认为我们去参加那个会议很有必要。
They found it strange that no one would take the money他们感到奇怪,谁也不要这笔钱。
四、it用在强调结构中
当我们要强调句子的某一部分(通常总是主语,宾语或状语)时,常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中,it无实际意义,它只帮助改变一个句子的结构,使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式,各强调一个不同的成分。
1、强调的成分
(1)强调主语
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are是你的能力很重要,而不是你从哪来或者你是谁。
(2)强调宾语
It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。
It was a pen that he bought in the shop yesterday他昨天在哪家商店里买的是一支笔。
(3)强调地点状语
It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day.(上海1990)
前几天我是在书店遇到你哥哥的。
(4)强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made 早在600年前第一座带有表面和时针的钟就造出来了。
2、使用“It is/was…that”强调句型要注意的几点
(1)被强调部分指人时,其后除了用that之外,也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时,使用who;强调的是宾语时,使用whom。
It was Mary who picked up the wallet 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。
It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。
It was Jack that I met in the park last week我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。
It was her that I met in the park yesterday昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。
(2)强调句的时态
一般说来,原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态,则用句型“It is that(who, whom) 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态,则用句型“It was that(who, whom)”
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。
It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow是史密斯先生明天去北京。
(3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不能用when、where、why或how,只用that。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us就是因为她母亲病了,她才没跟我们一起去。
It was in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921中国***是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。
注意:可用“It is/was because…that…”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句,如上例所示,但不能用该结构强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句,如不能说:It is everybody is here that let's begin our discussion也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at home
(4)强调“notuntil”结构
在强调“notuntil”结构中由until短语(或从句)表示的时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until that 。” 其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father did not come until 12 o’clock last night
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.直到她爸爸进来时,那个男孩才开始复习功课。
It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed.直到她来看我们时,我才知道她妈妈卧病在床。
(5)在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时,主句要用一般疑问句的语序。
Did this happen in Guangzhou
Was it in Guangzhou that this happened 此事是在广州发生的吗?
Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon?是在1969年美国宇航员成功登上月球的吗?
(6)特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调,其强调结构是:“疑问词+is/was it +that … ?”
When did you get to know her
When was it that you got to know her你是在什么时候认识她的?
(7)可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。
It was unwillingly that he did it for me 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。
It was because he was ill that we had to come back early正是因为他病了,我们才不得不早归。
(8)可以强调宾语补足语,当连系动词不是be,表语部分是名词性词组时,也可使用这种结构强调表语,但是,当连系动词是be时,不能强调表语。
It is white that they painted the house 他们把房子漆成的是白色。(强调宾语补足语)
It is a chief engineer that he becomes now 他现在担任的是总工程师。(强调表语)
(9)强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外,有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。
It must have been Mary that you saw just now 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。
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