如何制作一个响应式的HTML5表格

举个实现HTML5响应式表格的实例，仅供参考：

HTML结构如下：

<table id="miyazaki">

<caption>The Films of Miyazaki</caption>

<thead>

<tr><th>Film<th>Year<th>Honor

<tbody>

<tr>

<td data-th="Film">My Neighbor Totoro

<td data-th="Year">1988

<td data-th="Honor">Blue Ribbon Award (Special)

<tr>

<td data-th="Film">Princess Mononoke

<td data-th="Year">1997

<td data-th="Honor">Nebula Award (Best Script)

<tr>

<td data-th="Film">Spirited Away

<td data-th="Year">2001

<td data-th="Honor">Academy Award (Best Animated Feature)

<tr>

<td data-th="Film">Howl’s Moving Castle

<td data-th="Year">2004

<td data-th="Honor">Hollywood Film Festival (Animation OTY)

</table>

注意代码中的data属性，每一个单元格的data属性都与表格的header相对应。

CSS样式

表格基本的CSS样式如下：

table#miyazaki caption {

font-size: 2remcolor: #444

margin: 1rem

background-image: url(miyazaki.png), url(miyazaki2.png)

background-size: contain

background-repeat: no-repeat

background-position: center left, center right

}

table#miyazaki {

border-collapse: collapse

font-family: Agenda-Lightfont-weight: 100

background: #333color: #fff

text-rendering: optimizeLegibility

border-radius: 5px

}

table#miyazaki thead th { font-weight: 600}

table#miyazaki thead th, table#miyazaki tbody td {

padding: .8remfont-size: 1.4rem

}

table#miyazaki tbody td {

padding: .8remfont-size: 1.4rem

color: #444background: #eee

}

table#miyazaki tbody tr:not(:last-child) {

border-top: 1px solid #ddd

border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd

}

下面是响应式表格的CSS代码：

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {

table#miyazaki caption { background-image: none}

table#miyazaki thead { display: none}

table#miyazaki tbody td { display: blockpadding: .6rem}

table#miyazaki tbody tr td:first-child { background: #333color: #fff}

table#miyazaki tbody td:before {

content: attr(data-th)font-weight: bold

display: inline-blockwidth: 6rem

}

}

media query代码中隐藏表格的头部单元，并且将每一个单元格的data-th作为标签显示在单元格内容的前面。每一行的第一个单元格都设置了特别的背景色和前景色，使之更为清晰。

扩展

你现在可以缩放浏览器来看看效果，非常不错。但是上面的代码是不可扩展的：要添加一个新行必须手动为每个单元格添加一个data-th属性。要想做到自动化，可以在服务器端实现，如PHP。也可以通过javascript来实现它。

首先，将整个表格都进行简化：

<table id="miyazaki">

<caption>The Films of Hayao Miyazaki</caption>

<thead>

<tr><th>Film<th>Year<th>Honor

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>My Neighbor Totoro

<td>1988

<td>Blue Ribbon Award (Special)

<tr>

<td>Princess Mononoke

<td>1997

<td>Nebula Award (Best Script)

<tr>

<td>Spirited Away

<td>2001

<td>Academy Award (Best Animated Feature)

<tr>

<td>Howl’s Moving Castle

<td>2004

<td>Hollywood Film Festival (Animation OTY)

</table>

然后在文档的底部添加下面的javascript代码：

<script>

var headertext = []

var headers = document.querySelectorAll("#miyazaki th"),

tablerows = document.querySelectorAll("#miyazaki th"),

tablebody = document.querySelector("#miyazaki tbody")

for(var i = 0i <headers.lengthi++) {

var current = headers[i]

headertext.push( current.textContent.replace( /\r?\n|\r/,"") )

}

for (var i = 0, rowrow = tablebody.rows[i]i++) {

for (var j = 0, colcol = row.cells[j]j++) {

col.setAttribute("data-th", headertext[j])

} }

</script>

上面的代码的意思是：获取每一个<th>中的文本内容，然后分别剔除它们的回车和换行符。然后将这些文本分别添加到适当的单元格的data属性上，添加的规则与CSS样式的规则相一致。（使用setAttribute要比dataset要好，后者只有在IE 11中得到支持。）

给你写了个简单的课程表样式的表格

看一下

<style type="text/css">

table { border-collapse:collapsetext-align:centervertical-align:middle}

table tr{ height:25px}

table td{ width:100px}

.bg1{ background:#ccc}

table tr:hover{ background:#09C}

.bg2{ background:#999}

.t1,.t2,.t3,.t4,.b1,.b2,.b3,.b4,.tab{ display:blockoverflow:hidden}

.t1,.t2,.t3,.b1,.b2,.b3{ height:1px}

.t2,.t3,.t4,.b2,.b3,.b4,.tab{ border-left:2px solid #f6fborder-right:2px solid #f6f}

.t1,.b1{ margin:0 5pxbackground: #F6F}

.t2,.b2{ margin:0 3pxborder-width:2px}

.t3,.b3{ margin:0 2px}

.t4,.b4{ height:2pxmargin:0 1px}

.tab{ height:130pxbackground:#F7F8F9}

.tab_width{ width:700pxmargin:0 autocursor:pointer}

</style>

<div class="tab_width">

<b class="t1"></b><b class="t2"></b><b class="t3"></b><b class="t4"></b>

<div class="tab">

<table>

<tr>

<td>星期一</td>

<td>星期二</td>

<td>星期三</td>

<td>星期四</td>

<td>星期五</td>

<td>星期六</td>

<td>星期日</td>

</tr>

<tr class="bg1">

<td>国学</td>

<td>数学</td>

<td>英语</td>

<td>多媒体</td>

<td>体育</td>

<td>毛概</td>

<td>实验</td>

</tr>

<tr class="bg2">

<td>国学</td>

<td>数学</td>

<td>英语</td>

<td>多媒体</td>

<td>体育</td>

<td>毛概</td>

<td>实验</td>

</tr>

<tr class="bg1">

<td>国学</td>

<td>数学</td>

<td>英语</td>

<td>多媒体</td>

<td>体育</td>

<td>毛概</td>

<td>实验</td>

</tr>

<tr class="bg2">

<td>国学</td>

<td>数学</td>

<td>英语</td>

<td>多媒体</td>

<td>体育</td>

<td>毛概</td>

<td>实验</td>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<b class="b4"></b><b class="b3"></b><b class="b2"></b><b class="b1"></b>

</div>

提问者评价

谢谢了···

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