
#include <iostream>#include <vector>#include <array>using namespace std;struct str { int first,last;};vector<str> fIElds { {1,2},{3,4},{5,6}};int main(){ for (str s : fIElds) cout << s.first << " " << s.last << endl;} 它打印出六个预期值.
但如果我改变了矢量< str>对于数组< str,3>,gcc给了我这个错误:“std :: array’的初始化器太多了”.
如果我改变了字段的初始化:
array<str,3> fIElds { str{1,str{3,str{5,6}}; 事情很顺利.
那么为什么我在使用std :: array时需要str {1,而在使用std :: vector时只需要{1,2}?
解决方法 请参阅 aggregate initialization的cppreference部分.The effects of aggregate initialization are:
Each array element or non-static class member,in order of array subscript/appearance in the class deFinition,is copy-initialized from
the corresponding clause of the initializer List.If the initializer clause is a nested braced-init-List,the corresponding class member is itself an aggregate: aggregate
initialization is recursive.
这意味着如果你的结构中有一个聚合,例如:
struct str { struct asdf { int first,last; } asdf; }; asdf将由第一个嵌套的brace-init-List初始化,即{{1,2}}.你通常需要两对大括号的原因是因为嵌套的brace-init-List初始化了std :: array中的底层聚合(例如,T a [N]).
但是,您仍然可以像这样初始化数组:
array<str,3> fIElds { 1,2,3,4,5,6}; 要么:
array<str,3> fIElds { { 1,6} }; 代替.
另一方面,如何初始化向量由list initialization覆盖.std::vector有一个接受std::initializer_list的构造函数.
The effects of List initialization of an object of type T are:
Otherwise,the constructors of T are consIDered,in two phases:
All constructors that takestd::initializer_Listas the only argument,or as the first argument if the remaining arguments have
default values,are examined,and matched by overload resolution
against a single argument of typestd::initializer_List
请注意,您将无法初始化矢量(如下所示:
vector<str> fIElds { 1,6}; 但:
vector<int> fIElds { 1,6}; 很好.
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